Materials & Metallurgy

Expert guides on cast-iron and cast-steel grades for OEM parts. We compare ductile (EN-GJS/ASTM A536), gray iron (EN-GJL/ASTM A48), ADI, and special irons using real property windows, microstructure targets, and shop data (tensile, hardness, nodule count). Articles include grade maps (ASTM↔EN), corrosion/wear trade-offs, and what each grade means for design, machining and service life.